The Cornets: or the Hypocrisy of the Sisters of Charity Unveiled, a book that supposedly described the author's personal experiences while confined as a patient to the Mount Hope Retreat. In the following year, 1808, the Public Hospital of Baltimore was renamed 'the City Hospital' after a pair of local physicians, Drs. Smyth and Mackenzie), As with any setting that provides for the care of vulnerable individuals, the possibility of exploitation and abuse was always present at Spring Grove. http://www.msa.maryland.gov/. There had been an earlier plan to preserve the Baltimore site as 'an auxiliary institution' after the Spring Grove site was completed However, the hospital was already in debt, there was no way that the partially completed structure at Spring Grove could be completed without a major infusion of funds, and so the original proposal to maintain the hospital at two sites (Baltimore City and Spring Grove) was formally abandoned in 1870 when the property was sold. https://health.maryland.gov/springgrove/Pages/home.aspx, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, "James E. Steuart Papers, 1785-1955, MS 758 - Maryland Historical Society", "Baltimore County takes next step to purchase Spring Grove land", "Baltimore County makes move to purchase Spring Grove land for regional park | Maryland News Feed", "Hogan administration proposes selling Spring Grove Hospital campus in Catonsville to UMBC for $1", "Hospital sale to UMBC for $1 is approved", "Bd. In 1930 the first graduating class had ten members, all of whom were women. The nine members of the governor-appointed Board of Managers exercised full control over the institution. In the two years between 1834 and 1836, the patient population grew to 54 individuals -- 42 psychiatric patients, and 12 general patients. It is believed that the original hospital building (circa 1798) was situated almost exactly where the well-known domed Administration Building of Johns Hopkins Hospital stands today, although this belief may not be precisely accurate. community-based housing and outpatient services. However, in 1868, following a change in Maryland's politics after the War, Dr. Sprigg-Steuart was reinstated as the President of the Hospital's Board of Visitor's. Despite further appropriations of $15,000 in 1856; $25,000 in 1858; another $25,000 in 1859; and $100,000 in 1860 (Acts of 1858, and Acts of 1860), construction progressed slowly -- and had stopped completely by the onset of the Civil War. As noted above, records indicate that the original building, c.1798, stood at the far western end of the structure - closest to Market Street (Broadway). 4521 Spring Grove Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio, 45232 Sedamsville Rectory The Travel Channel has named the Sedamsville Rectory a haunted destination. Jointly operated by the City of Houston and Harris County, Jefferson Davis was the first publicly-owned hospital to accept low-income patients however, it only did so for the next 13 years. The 1843 report specifically mentions the fact that the new structure was erected in the same location as the original building. It is too small, and too defective in its construction. Furthermore, records from the period indicate that many, if not most, patients were routinely locked in their bedrooms at night while the nurses and everyone else, other than the men and women who served night as watchmen, slept.). A number of documents refer to it simply as the 'Retreat.' Originally, the hospital used the Sunnyside property as its main farmland.However, the demands of the growing hospital were such that within the next ten years it began to further expand its farmland by purchasing much larger tracks of land south of Wilkens Avenue, where the University of Maryland Baltimore County is located today. Not much information exists today about Captain Yellott's Retreat. However, the hospital's annual report of 1875 does note that a ward of the hospital was set aside specifically to treat 'inebriates.'. Records indicate that the old hospital, which by then was situation on 13-acres, was sold to Mr. Hopkins in 1870 for the sum of $150,000, although the net proceeds of the sale were only $133,318.67, after several deductions were made. (Mr. Dayhoff's primary role with the hospital at the time was as the 'Director of Amusements' -- a title that placed him in charge of what today would be called activity therapy. (The Pennsylvania Hospital did operate a free-standing affiliated psychiatric institute, the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital, which was opened in 1841 and which closed in 1997.). The building and grounds became the property of the City of Baltimore in May, 1798, when Captain Yellott consummated the purchase. In response to the prospect of facing foreclosure, the Maryland General Assembly did appropriate the funds needed to pay off the mortgage in 1876 -- but, at the same time, it ordered the Maryland Hospital to be reorganized. appropriated $30,000 to make major repairs to the hospital.. As of last year, state-run institutions house less than one-tenth of the number of. Repeated requests for additional funding by the Spring Grove management went unanswered by the General Assembly and the hospital's debt mounted. (This is the name that is used on what evidently was the original plan for the first floor the new hospital building in Catonsville, circa 1853.) The new wing can be seen at the far south (right) side of the Main Building in the 1927 aerial view, above. Farm products included beets, spinach, turnips, carrots, kale, parsnips, cabbage, peas, string beans, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, lima beans, sweet potatoes, lettuce, corn, cucumbers, egg plants, celery, asparagus, rhubarb, radishes,
But the biggest problem turned out to have been the above-noted problem with the facility's sewage disposal system. The indebtedness of the hospital may also have limited the size of the indigent patient population that could be accepted. For example, in an 1893 letter to the Governor of Maryland, George H. Roh, M.D., Superintendent of Spring Grove at the time, wrote: 'The question [of] whether a new insane Hospital should be built in another part of the State, under separate management, or whether a colony should be established at some distance from this Hospital and under the management of its Board of Managers is a subject for profitable discussion. Red Brick Cottages (originally known as the 'Convalescent Cottages') also were completed in 1952. Furthermore, its monolithic design was badly out of step with the needs and sensibilities of a modern psychiatric hospital; and, in the days before "condo's" and "loft apartments" it probably wouldn't have lent itself to adaptive reuse. However, the proposal was abandoned after it was realized that the it would be impractical to try to expand at the current site -- primarily because there wasn't enough land to support a larger hospital (and farm). Many of the patients are forensic court ordered with the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene testifying before the General. Not only was the hospital that was eventually to become Spring Grove the third such institution in the country, it was also the very first public hospital of any kind in Maryland. It's one of the most beautiful places in Cincinnati and Ohio even if it has a reputation as being one of the most haunted. This is the approximate location of today's Johns Hopkins Hospital. Find directions at US News . Founded in 1797, Spring Grove is the nation's second-oldest psychiatric hospital, though until recently operated as a medical and surgical hospital as well. The Dairy House survived on the campus of Spring Grove until the early 1990s when it burned to the ground in a fire that may have been set by an arsonist. Note: Despite his 'founder' status, despite Dr. Steuart's many other contributions, and despite the fact that he held the title of 'President of the Maryland Hospital' for many years (almost to the time of his death), there has never been a 'Sprigg-Steuart Building' at Spring Grove. (The assertion that the Inebriate Asylums patients would be the Main Building's 'first occupants' seems to contradict the reports that the building had already been used for patient care as a military hospital during the Civil War.) Mackenzie and Smythe, the hospital was usually able to accommodate 'about 40 lunatics [i.e., patients with mental illnesses] and 150 [other] patients, with general diseases.'. Most people are astonished to learn that the Maryland State hospital system was not officially desegregated until 1963. The hospital is now officially known as Spring Grove Hospital Center (renamed in 1973) and under the governance of the Mental Hygiene Administration, the facility operates 330 beds and provides advanced inpatient psychiatric services to approximately 1000 patients every year. The hospital's annual report to the Governor in 1876 indicates that restraints were applied to about 2% of the patient population. African-American patients were identified in the records by the notation 'col' or 'colored.' It was located northeast of the White Building, near what is today a wooded area. At that point the Retreat was either abandoned or restyled as The Public Hospital (of Baltimore). superintendent of the hospital in 1878, whereupon a number of reforms were implemented. Dr. James Smythe died in 1819, and Dr. Colin Mackenzie in 1827. The Board of Managers was abolished and its authority transferred to the new superintendent appointed by the commissioner of Mental Hygiene. The new building was built in the Italianate style and was originally designed to hold 250 patients. Baltimore, MD 21201 Moylan Building (originally known as the 'Children's Unit') in 1964. Some sources indicate that a dedicated building was erected specifically for the purpose by Captain Yellott in 1794. Collectively, these articles have been come to be known as the 'Maryland's Shame' story. PennHurst, the legendary haunted hospital complex has opened its doors after 25 years and is accepting new patients! Entrance in 1863. There is also an implication that the original, i.e.1794, structure may have been incorporated into a larger hospital building later on (see below). I was working in the NICU which happened to also be on the fourth floor but on the opposite side. In 1852, the hospital's name changed again, at least informally, this time to The Maryland Hospital for the Insane at Baltimore. Patients and staff joined together to form social clubs and musical groups. However, the decision seems to have been essentially made by the late 1860s. The same law also
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On the other hand a colony under the management and direction of an institution already established could be made available for its beneficent purposes almost as soon as the land is acquired.'. As noted above, additional land was acquired at around this time, and the hospital was again expanded. The
JavaScript is required to use content on this page. Occasionally, even to this day, small subterranean sections of the remains of the Main Building, such as portions of its air shafts or basement rooms, will collapse and cause slight indentations to appear on the surface a subtle reminder, perhaps, that the Main Building hasn't passed entirely from our midst. Weltmer Bowl, was build (reportedly entirely by patient labor) between 1936 and 1945. One legend has it that Mr. Hopkins bought the property after his cousin, who, himself, was reportedly interested in the property, asked Hopkins to look at it for him. A temporary solution that was employed at first involved the digging of large cesspools ('earth closets') near to the hospital building. However, enough of the north wing was completed by the start of the Civil War (1861) to allow for that part of the building to serve as a military hospital during the War. Smythe and Mackenzie -- on the condition that they complete the addition of the 'Centre Building,' which, it should be noted, was not a separate building, but, instead, a new component of a single larger structure. In addition, Spring Grove's staffing levels were somewhat lower than the other Maryland state hospitals, a circumstance that may have been partially attributable to the decision of the hospital not to use conscientious objectors as staff members during the labor shortages of WWII. Its wooden floor joists, some of which dated back to 1853, reportedly were rotten and at risk of collapsing; and it's heating, plumbing and electrical systems were dangerously outdated. The center is owned and operated by the State of Maryland, and is under the . village) were built in two phases between 1942 and 1947. And there is again a psychiatric illness research facility in the same building where the LSD experiments once occurred. The plumbing in the bathrooms was immediately found to be of 'an inferior grade,' and had to be completely replaced within a few years, and early reports also note that a $4,000 upgrade in the heating system was necessary after it was found to have been grossly inadequate during the first winter the building was occupied by the hospital. [10] The Maryland Board of Public Works voted 21 to approve the sale of the campus, with Hogan and Treasurer Dereck E. Davis supporting the lease agreement and Comptroller Peter Franchot dissenting, on May 15, 2022.[11][12]. Also in 1853, one of the just four new 'public' patient admissions in that year was an African-American female. Following the public outcry that was generated by the Maryland's Shame articles, the Maryland General Assembly allocated substantial funding for new construction and other physical plant improvements, along with money for better pay and significant infusions of new staff positions. Hours of operation are Thursdays, 10 am to 2 pm, and at other times by appointment.
While no record of its proceedings are known to exist, the commission presumably continued to oversee the construction of the Spring Grove facility after construction was resumed in 1868, but progress was reportedly very slow. An interesting footnote is the fact that the Sisters of Charity were later accused of using the Mount Hope Retreat to 'unlawfully imprison' and torture patients. 55 Wade Avenue, Catonsville, Maryland 21228 USA410.402.6000. By the 1920s it had been converted into a medical facility and later an insane asylum and a retirement home. In its long history it has been variously known as The Baltimore Hospital, The Maryland Hospital, The Maryland Hospital for the Insane, and finally as The Spring Grove Hospital Center. It is not clear if the above picture of the hospital, as shown on a map of Baltimore in 1801, is the same building that housed Captain Yellott's Retreat (c. 1794) or if it is the c.1798 structure that followed the founding of the hospital in 1797. The source of the funds for the purchase price are not known, although they may have been charged against the $8,000 that was appropriated by the General Assembly in January 1798. In fact, there is even some debate about its actual name. The reader will agree that the formula, which follows, reads more like the directions for an exotic cocktail than it does an oral hygiene product: Another medicine listed in the 1899 formulary was referred to as a 'Gastro Intestinal Tonic.' A gatehouse ('Sleeping Room at the Gateway for the accommodation of the Gatekeeper') was built at the Monument St. Convenient to DC, Baltimore and BWI airport, our 180-acre wooded campus feels more like a college setting. According to the brief history written in 1843, after completion of the expansions that were overseen by Drs. Spring Grove Hospital Center was founded in 1797 and is the second oldest psychiatric hospital in the United States. (The location ofthe quarry has not been determined by this writer, but some people believe that it was located at the site of today's Weltmer Bowl, Spring Grove's athletic field.) (The Annual report of that year suggests that, unlike any of the other units in the hospital, the single African-American ward served both male and females patients.) For example, it
We do know that it was located on a now defunct byway that was known as the 'Old Road to Philadelphia' (later referred to as the 'Old Joppa Road'), just south of today's Monument Street in Baltimore. It would seem that the lobbying efforts of Dorothea Dix in this regard provided the extra 'push' necessary to get the General Assembly to act. Subsequently, the General Assembly passed a law which created a commission to 'select and purchase' a tract of land for the purpose of 'erecting a 200- to 250-bed hospital for the insane' (Acts of 1852).Although Ms. Dix is deservedly given much of the credit for the General Assembly's decision to authorize and fund the construction of a new facility, it should be noted that her lobbying efforts were made after she learned that there was already a formal proposal for a new hospital in Maryland. [2] Only the Eastern State Hospital which was founded in 1773 in Williamsburg, Virginia, is older. The first identified reference to African-American patients at the Maryland Hospital is found in the Hospital's Annual Report of 1842, wherein it was noted that there were seven African-American ('colored') patients, three of whom were described as being 'slaves.' Furthermore, a drawing of the hospital, as seen on a map of 1801, indicates that, as of that time, the hospital consisted of a single, unified structure. As part of an effort to help Drs. It should be noted that some of the patients at Spring Grove during the first half of the twentieth century did not suffer from what would necessarily be considered mental illnesses today. This is taken from the Spring Grove Bi-Annual Report for the years 1874-75. It seems to have been funded entirely by Captain Yellott and his associates, and while at the time the term 'Retreat' often referred to a psychiatric facility, and while Captain Yellott's Retreat undoubtedly accepted mariners who were suffering from mental illnesses, available historic information suggests that it was primarily a facility intended for the treatment of general medical conditions -- such as infectious and nutritional diseases -- that occurred among seafarers. Various improvements were made to the Maryland Hospital during the 1850s and 1860s. However, despite the change in the membership of the commission, the war continued to delay construction. Early reports indicate that by that time the abandoned roadbed of the 'The (Old) Joppa Road' (also known as the Old Road to Philadelphia) -- directly to the north of the original hospital building -- had already been purchased by the Hospital. Colin Mackenzie and James Smythe, persuaded the Baltimore City Council to lease the hospital to them for a period of 15-years. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. gatehouses), were originally intended primarily for recreational purposes for use by staff and patients. However, it was roughly where McElderry Street is located today, were it to extend through the Hopkins Hospital campus.) Thirty-six buildings on the grounds are still actively used. (Similar immunity had previously been granted to the Maryland Hospital, but could not be transferred to a new owner.) This newer system allowed for greater flexibility in terms of grouping patients by diagnosis and level of functioning, and it also tended to make expansion and future growth easier. It is perhaps interesting to note that Captain Yellott was, himself, a member of the committee, appointed by the City Council, under the authority of the State, that selected the property that he personally owned. In any case, the arrangement for gratuitous physician coverage lasted only about one year. It was cut off from the rest of the world and it very quickly became overcrowded and out of control. The cost of construction need not exceed $400 per bed.' Although today it is difficult for some of us to understand why the historic significance and architectural merit of the Main Building didn't save it from the wrecking ball back in 1963, the fact is that, in 1963, the building was structurally unsound, was justifiably considered to have been a "firetrap," and was felt to have been beyond reasonable repair. [9], In May 2022, Governor Larry Hogan's administration proposed transferring the hospital campus to the University of Maryland, Baltimore County for $1. According to hospital records, during an 11 month period in 1857 some 43 patients were admitted to the Maryland Hospital; 39 patients were discharged from the hospital; and six patients died. Cascara Cordial was a mild laxative. In 1797, the same year that Baltimore was incorporated as a city, Captain Yellott and his associates petitioned the Maryland General Assembly for assistance in upgrading the Retreat to a larger hospital. Over the years, the hospital's land holdings were expanded considerably, so that, eventually, its grounds covered an area that today is roughly bordered by the present Monument St. to the north; Broadway (formerly Market St.) to the west; Jefferson St. to the south; and Wolfe St. to the east. Of course the hospital's main 'business' was farming. The sum of five-hundred dollars was appropriated by the Baltimore City Council in 1809 for repairs of the original building, and, in 1811, an allocation of $18,000 was granted by the Maryland General Assembly -- specifically for the purpose of the ongoing expansion. Records indicate that the well-known philanthropist and founder of Sheppard Pratt Hospital served as a member of the Maryland Hospital's Board of Visitors from 1857 - 1868. Records from the period indicate that a number of children were admitted to the Maryland Hospital, although most patients were adults. Not only were there insufficient funds to allow for the completion of the Hospital, there was not enough money to repay debts incurred to pay for some of the work that had already been completed. The
A somewhat ironic, and perhaps stigmatizing, passage from report reads: 'Spring Grove is not, and never has been, and may never be, an Asylum for the Insane. structured activities. The hospital's orchards yielded more than 100 bushels of apples, cherries, pears and peaches every year. Over the years, the Spring Grove continued to grow in size and, in short order, exceeded its intended patient capacity. The rate at which the patients were transferred from the old site to the new one is not know for certain. Under the provisions of the State Government Reorganization Act of 1922, Spring Grove was placed administratively within the Maryland Department of Welfare and under that department's Board of Welfare (Acts of 1922, art. It was originally built as a hospital to care for Yellow Fever for the indigent away from the city, as the Maryland Hospital. 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