A fuller account of the sacrifice appears later: It was a custom of the ancients in great crises of danger for the rulers of a city or nation, in order to avert the common ruin, to give up the most beloved of their children for sacrifice as a ransom to the avenging daemons; and those who were thus given up were sacrificed with mystic rites. For the Canaanites and the ancient Levantine region as a whole, l or Il was the supreme god, the father of mankind and all creatures. Its symbol is based on the Sumerians' primordial god of wisdom and waters, Enki [4] with the head and upper body of a mountain goat, and the lower body and tail of a fish. The offspring of air deities Enlil and Ninlil, Nanna was responsible for bringing light to the dark sky, which was said to be divided into three domes over a flat Earth with each dome made of a precious substance. In an ancient seal that dates back to the period, Inanna was depicted to have several weapons ready on her back, a horned helmet, wings, and with her foot on a lion whose leash she was holding. Under the names Zeus, the storm-god of the Greeks, and Baal, the West Semitic storm-god, he was unmasked by Jesus and identified as Satan. The true etymologies of both Nanna and Su'en remain unclear ( Krebernik 1993-98b: 360-64). After the Roman conquest of Greece, he was conflated with the Greek Titan . He created the trees and fertile fields and was the brother of Enten, the god of winter. If your web page requires an HTML link, please insert this code: . [7]Rients de Boer, Amorites in the Early Old Babylonian Period (Dissertation: Leiden University, 2014), p. 69. Shamash, as the solar deity, exercised the power of light over darkness and evil. [43] The slaying of the serpent in myth is a deed attributed to both Ba'al Hadad and 'Anat in the Ugaritic texts, but not to l.[44]. Annunaki = Egyptian = Greek = Roman = Biblical Equivalents Anu (An) = Sobek = Cronus = Saturn that at one point El was a desert god. There was no fair system of karmic give-and-take as there appeared in later religions the average Mesopotamian god could grant a difficult wish or take a life as they pleased, even if the person in question had been a devout worshiper and a good human being. The equivalent of A.D-li ra-b-umin Sumerian isdEn-ll()kur-gal(kur-gal= great mountain). The Sumerian god Enki is more like the serpent of Genesis and Lucifer. Proto-Sinaitic, Phoenician, Aramaic, and Hittite texts. Here is a list of the 10 most important: Contents show 10. . [22]With the emergence of Enlil as the chief god of the land, Nippur, also transliterated as Nibru, became the center of Mesopotamian religion. The most common Akkadian names of the five planets, iu (Mercury), Dilbat (Venus), albatnu (Mars), White Star (Jupiter), and Kayymnu (Saturn), are attested first in 1800-1000 bce. In Judges 9:46 we find 'l Brt 'God of the Covenant', seemingly the same as the Ba'al Brt 'Lord of the Covenant' whose worship has been condemned a few verses earlier. Specific deities known as 'El, 'Al or 'Il include the supreme god of the ancient Canaanite religion[9] and the supreme god of East Semitic speakers in Mesopotamia's Early Dynastic Period. The stories and descriptions of Enlil dont include any characteristics youd expect from a wind or storm-god. It appears that the moon-god was considered the god of the Amurru-landin other words, the god of the Amorites: We may reasonably conclude, therefore, that the god worshiped by the nomadic Amurru-peoples in the Balikh-Harran region by the epithets Amurru and Bl ad, at the time of the Mari and Old Babylonian texts, was a lunar deity. [14] However the documentary hypothesis developed originally in the 1870s,[15] identifies these that different authors the Jahwist, Elohist, Deuteronomist, and the Priestly source were responsible for editing stories from a polytheistic religion into those of a monotheistic religion. Its true that correlation does not imply causation, but the arrival in Sumer of that epithet at about the same time as groups of Semitic-speaking Akkadians and Amorites is strong circumstantial evidence. Cronus's functions were connected with agriculture; in Attica his festival, the Kronia, celebrated the harvest and resembled the Saturnalia. Either way, she went on to enlist the help of Enki to create a clay figurine in the image of the gods themselves. Followers of the cult in his name worshiped him at the temple of Ekur, a word which translates roughly to mountain house. To this day, the ruins of the temple still stand. The Sumerian civilization emerged upon the flood plain of the lower reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers about 4000 B.C. Saturn's Black Cube holds a massive tank that acts as a harvesting station for blood sacrifice from human beings, in any way . Cognate forms of l are found throughout the Semitic languages. Reply Quote. [16], The Egyptian god Ptah is given the title gitti 'Lord of Gath' in a prism from Tel Lachish which has on its opposite face the name of Amenhotep II (c. 14351420 BCE). This god is sometimes conflated with Chronos (time). The highest echelon of gods in Sumerian religion were known as the Anunnaki. Nibiru, to the Babylonians, was the celestial body associated with the god Marduk. However it can also mean that Yahweh stands in the Divine Council (generally known as the Council of l), as l judging among the other members of the council. Other establishments dedicated to him were the temple Kurigalzu I and a ziggurat called Elugalgalgasisa. Nimrod's Babylonian followers worshipped him as Marduk - the god of war and fortresses. The Sumerians built the gigantic ziggurat of Etemenanki to honor their supreme god, Marduk. Asherah has made (a pact) with us. Saturn, Venus, Mars were mistress suns before our yellow sun . Sumerian myth dictates that while almost every Sumerian god was a powerful being with supernatural abilities at their disposal, they were far from being the kind of omnipotent, supreme deity we have become accustomed to thanks to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In the Ugaritic Ba'al cycle, l is introduced dwelling on (or in) Mount Lel (Lel possibly meaning "Night") at the fountains of the two rivers at the spring of the two deeps. For the reference in some texts of Deuteronomy 32:8 to seventy sons of God corresponding to the seventy sons of l in the Ugaritic texts, see `Elyn. His other children, depending on the version of the myth, were Enki, Nikikurga, Nidaba, Baba, and even Inanna and Kumarbi. I thought those of you interested in divine into the actual source material for this sort of thing might like it. It was about this time that Enlil appears to have been elevated from the status of patron god of Nippur, a city located near the Euphrates about one hundred miles southeast of modern Baghdad, to head of the Mesopotamian pantheon. And the king will do according to his pleasure; and he will exalt himself and magnify himself over every god ('l), and against the God of Gods ('El 'Elm) he will speak outrageous things, and will prosper until the indignation is accomplished: for that which is decided will be done. Nanna was his Sumerian name while he was known as Sin, Nanna-Sin, Nanna-Suen and other names by . Enlil and Kumarbi supplanted Anu, while El took the place of amm (Heaven). l is rather the son of Sky (Uranus) and Earth (Ge). Members of the Mesopotamian pantheon were immortal, and as long as they were above the Netherworld, had an aura about them called melammu, which was described as a glow which instantly distinguished them from mere mortals. Different from many other major pantheistic societies, such as the ancient Egyptians or the ancient Aztecs, the chief astral god of the Sumerians wasnt the sun god, but the moon god Nanna otherwise known as Sin. This also establishes a link between the Hurrians and the Amorites, and suggests a path of transmission from the north to Sumer. As a result, he was visually depicted as a bearded man in a typical garb of the time complete with horned hat sitting down, with flowing streams and fish around him. His other children, depending on the version of the myth, were Enki, Nikikurga, Nidaba, Baba, and even Inanna and Kumarbi. This myth nicely rounds up Inannas personality:lustful, violent, and vengeful. But others have argued that from patriarchal times, these different names were in fact generally understood to refer to the same single great god, l. l is a generic word for god that could be used for any god, including Hadad, Moloch, or Yahweh. Utu was the personification of the brilliance and warmth of the sun unfailing and perpetual. The ziggurat at Ur, the only one left of such structures remaining from ancient Summer, was a temple dedicated to the Moon. The only consistent aspect of any visual portrayals is his symbol, which was a horned cap. [37] The name Yahweh is used in the Bible Tanakh in the first book of Genesis 2:4; and Genesis 4:26 says that at that time, people began to "call upon the name of the LORD". Saturn (Latin: Sturnus [satrns]) was a god in ancient Roman religion, and a character in Roman mythology.He was described as a god of time, generation, dissolution, abundance, wealth, agriculture, periodic renewal and liberation. However, it wasnt just heaven and Earth; there was also the Netherworld or Kur, which was a bleak, dark, underground version of Earth which was home to every deceased soul regardless of their actions on the living plane. [17]The Hurrians (the Horites of the Bible) and Amorites were among the tribes Joshua and the Israelites had to push out of Canaan. Albrecht Alt presented his theories on the original differences of such gods in Der Gott der Vter in 1929. In northwest Semitic use, l was a generic word for any god as well as the special name or title of a particular god who was distinguished from other gods as being "the god". Going back to the 8th century BCE, the bilingual inscription[53] at Karatepe in the Taurus Mountains equates l-Creator-of-the-Earth to Luwian hieroglyphs read as da-a-,[54] this being the Luwian form of the name of the Babylonian water god Ea, lord of the abyss of water under the earth. Utu was also known as the god of truth and justice because he was deemed to be able to see everything from his vantage point. El is depicted primarily as a warrior; in Ugaritic sources Baal has the warrior role and El is peaceful, and it may be that the Sanchuniathon depicts an earlier tradition that was more preserved in the southern regions of Canaan. Saturn's mythological reign was depicted as a Golden Age of abundance and peace. This parallel pleads against the Amorites as newcomers, because such a phenomenon is typically the result of long-term contact and/or acculturation. This included the aforementioned air god Enlil, air goddess Ninlil, moon god Nanna, and sun god Utu. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. He also had relationships with Damkina, and Ninsar and Ninkurra who were his daughters. Marduk, in Mesopotamian religion, the chief god of the city of Babylon and the national god of Babylonia; as such, he was eventually called simply Bel, or Lord. Nibiru Science 21 Who is SATURN? In Tablet 5 of the Enuma Elish it may be the pole star, which at the time was Thuban or possibly Kochab (Ursa Minor). It is important to remember that records from that long ago are often unreliable, and that there is plenty of overlap between deities as to what they are gods or goddesses of. Watch new episodes of Ancient Aliens Saturdays at 9/8c, and stay up to date on all of your favorite History Channel shows at https://history.com/schedule.The. The son who is born of the union, called Demars or Zeus, but once called Adodus, is obviously Hadad, the Ba'al of the Ugaritic texts who now becomes an ally of his grandfather Sky and begins to make war on l. While Nammu may have been considered to be higher up in earlier forms of the religion, Sumerian goddess Inanna was unquestionably the most important female deity in the history of ancient Mesopotamia , and one of the most revered goddesses from all ancient civilizations. These Israelites are described as a people inhabiting Canaan. 3. These entities gave birth to An, the god of the sky which doubled as heaven, and Ki, who represented the Earth. Guest User ID: 628058 Guest #26. The goddess was also said to have crafted a set of legislations that shaped the code of law and etiquette in the area. The mysterious Ugaritic text Shachar and Shalim tells how (perhaps near the beginning of all things) l came to shores of the sea and saw two women who bobbed up and down. Personal names including the stem l are found with similar patterns in both Amorite and Sabaic. There were more than 3,000 Sumerian gods and goddesses, and the four most well-known gods in the Sumerian religion were An, Ki, Enlil and Enki. Why Nippur was chosen is anyones guess. It seems that the Anunnaki are returning to ou. One of the most highly regarded female deities in early Mesopotamian religion, Nammugave birth to An and Ki the gods of heaven and earth. Although some other gods had a relatively higher share of support as far as surviving records testify, Enkis contribution to legends was perhaps just as significant, if not more. The god of the southern deserts The first mention of the Israelite tribe itself is a victory stele erected around 1210 BCE by the pharaoh Mernetpah (sometimes called "the Israel stele"). l has three wives, his sisters or half-sisters Aphrodite/Astarte ('Ashtart), Rhea (presumably Asherah), and Dione (identified by Sanchuniathon with Ba'alat Gebal the tutelary goddess of Byblos, a city which Sanchuniathon says that l founded). The name is Akkadian and means 'crossing place' or 'place of transition'. Whether a deity or not, she played a major role in creating the universe as well as humans and human civilization. With his life-giving energies, Utu also helped plants grow. Jesus is really the son of Ouranos, or the deity that is above and controls the dome. There was also no cult formed to worship her, and it is said that she is the same entity as the goddesses Ninmah, Ninhursag, and Nintu, among others. The god of air, rain, storms, and even the Earth, Enlil may have created life by mating with his mother, but he later married the goddess Ninlil, with whom he birthed the gods Ninurta, Nanna, and Utu, among others. He then lay with them, and they gave birth to Shachar ("Dawn") and Shalim ("Dusk"). Apart from An, Enlil, Enki and Inanna, there were three other deities that make up the seven most important gods and goddesses of the Sumerian pantheon. Another is that in much of the Hebrew Bible the name El is an alternative name for Yahweh, but in the Elohist and Priestly traditions it is considered an earlier name than Yahweh. Ba'al Hadad is a few times called l's son rather than the son of Dagan as he is normally called, possibly because l is in the position of a clan-father to all the gods. However, Enlils days at the top of the virtual mountain were numbered when the Amorite dynasty of Hammurabi transformed Babylon from a third-rate village into a political force in the eighteenth century BC. See Baal for a discussion of this passage. It is believed that Nammu held greater importance in earlier times, but as there are no written records of those times, this is impossible to say with certainty. A rarer form, 'ila, represents the predicate form in Old Akkadian and in Amorite. The Second Coming of Saturn Part 13: Bashan, Land of the Serpent. When Amorites first encountered the civilizations of Akkad and Sumer in the twenty-fourth century BC, the two most popular deities among the newcomers were the moon-god, Erah (also spelled Yarikh; called Sn in Akkad and Nanna in Sumer) and the god, under the Amorite name El. This is documented by the Amorite personal names logged in official Sumerian and Akkadian records: If we then take a look at the 43 most popular Amorite names (in this case: Amorite names occurring three times or more). Represents the predicate form in Old Akkadian and in Amorite god Nanna, and suggests a of... Other establishments dedicated to the Moon saturn, Venus, Mars were mistress suns before our yellow sun them and... He was known as Sin, Nanna-Sin, Nanna-Suen and other names by Ouranos, or the deity is... Emerged upon the flood plain of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers about B.C! Was conflated with Chronos ( time ) 1993-98b: 360-64 ) you interested divine. 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