To encourage thoughtful and respectful conversations, first and last names will appear with each submission to CBC/Radio-Canada's online communities (except in children and youth-oriented communities). Woman shot dead after pulling into wrong driveway, Man charged with shooting boy who rang wrong doorbell, Bear captured after killing Alpine jogger, Russian court rejects detained US journalist appeal, US accuses Brazil's Lula of parroting war propaganda, DeSantis floats idea of state prison near Disney park. If you would not change the voting process, make a list of reforms and why you would not choose to enact them. WASHINGTON, D.C. 37 Republican members of Congress today issued the following statement in advance of the joint session of Congress at 1 p.m. today: In the joint session of Congress today, we will vote to sustain objections to slates of electors submitted by states we believe clearly violated the Constitution in the presidential election of 2020. 68 (The Mode of Electing the President)," congress.gov, Mar. Brother died saving birthday girl's life in US shooting, 'Someone must know': Questions remain in Dadeville, Putin visits occupied Kherson region in Ukraine, Realities dash hopes for Israel-Palestinian peace, Fighting hits Khartoum neighbourhoods - maps and images, How LinkedIn is changing and why some are not happy, Who didn't make the coronation guest list? by sequestering a jury by removing them from public contact, The Supreme Court's right to judicial review. Of the 538 Electoral College votes available, Donald J. Trump received 304 votes, Hillary Clinton received 227 votes, and seven votes went to others: three for Colin Powell, one for Faith Spotted Eagle, one for John Kasich, one for Ron Paul, and one for Bernie Sanders). Once that happens, those states' electors would vote for the candidate who wins the national popular voteinstead of voting for the candidate who wins their state. That usurpation of the legislatures sole authority, delegated by the Constitution, was a primary reason why the election of 2020 became riddled with an unprecedented number of serious allegations of fraud and irregularities. PepsiCos financial statements are presented in Appendix B. Digital media has had what impact on reporter-source relationships? An earlier version of this story included a misspoken quote that said people in Wyoming have 44 times the power of people in California in presidential elections. true or false: Executive privilege allows the president to speak freely with advisers about strategy without fear that Congress will question what was said in private to arrive at that strategy. In 2000, George W. Bush captured more electoral votes while earning 500,000 fewer popular votes than Al Gore. Follow Chris on Twitter @historyauthor. A positive effect of justices' lifetime appointments is, The Framers of the Constitution established the Electoral College because they. The word "college" here simply refers to a group of people with a shared task. But Smith, a Republican, says the battleground is diverse. C. The electoral college was created by an amendment to the Constitution. In 2016, Donald Trump had almost three million fewer votes than Hillary Clinton, but won the presidency because the electoral college gave him a majority. Opal said the Constitution doesn't clearly state whether it's the newly elected Congress that votes, orthe Congress that was sitting at the time of the election. WASHINGTON, D.C. - 37 Republican members of Congress today issued the following statement in advance of the joint session of Congress at 1 p.m. today: In the joint session of Congress today, we will vote to sustain objections to slates of electors submitted by states we believe clearly violated the . 23912\frac{2}{3} \quad \frac{9}{12} answer choices. It provides representatives who promote cooperation between all committees. Email us at:Ask@cbc.ca. There are only two states (Maine and Nebraska) which divide up their electoral college votes according to the proportion of votes each candidate receives. They are often elected state representatives, party leaders and activists. Senators do not have to run for office as often. Still, we are faced with a seminal legal question. The objection is expected to fail. The manner of choosing electors is left to the states, although the Constitution stipulates that no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.. (A) Forty-eight states allocate their electoral votes by the "winner-take-all" method. On election day, voters choosing a presidential candidate are actually casting a vote for an elector. As the Supreme Court has previously affirmed, in Article II, Section 1, Clause 2, [t]he appointment of these electors is thus placed absolutely and wholly with the legislatures of the several States. In fact, two out of the last five elections were won by candidates who had fewer votes from the general public than their rivals. The peculiar system that emerged was the Electoral College. [29], The racism at the root of the Electoral College persists, suppressing the votes of people of color in favor of voters from largely homogenously white states. What she means by manipulations are the efforts by Republicans to change election laws in their favor. READ MORE: 5 Presidents Who Won the Election But Lost the Popular Vote. In 2016, Hillary Clinton won the popular vote by more than one million votes, yet still lost the election on electoral votes. With two parties dominating the US system, this is unlikely to happen today. B. true or false: A multi-party system tends to require the building of coalitions to govern. 2023 BBC. "If no candidate receives a majority of electoral votes, the House of Representatives elects the president from the three presidential . Their assertion is only trueso long asCongress is first convinced those electoral votes were not produced by a process that violated the strict provision of Article II, Section 1,Clause 2. Managing Editor This was because of the size of the country and the difficulty of communication. Another way the Electoral College is unfair, says Harvard University political scientist Gautam Mukunda, is that each state gets electors based on its representation in the House and Senate, which means small states get extra votes. It needs to be updated for modern times. true or false: "Taking the Fifth" refers to the Fifth Amendment right not to defend oneself. There are only two states (Maine and Nebraska) which divide up their electoral college votes according to the proportion of votes each candidate receives. [24], For the 2020 election, electors voted on Dec. 14, and delivered the results on Dec. 23. Indeed, just two decades ago, the Supreme Court plainly acknowledged this important deliberative role of Congress. What do you want to know about the U.S. election? If no candidate reaches 270, the House of Representatives elects the president, choosing from the three candidates who received the most electoral college votes; each state delegation gets one vote. 4. II, 1, cl. This proves the system is working. Youre not going to convince a majority of Americans that thats not how you should do it. [33], John Koza, Chairman of National Popular Vote, warned, At this point I think changing the system to something better is going to determine whether theres a dictator in this country. [27]. the number of terms a president can serve. (PA-13), Doug Lamborn (CO-05), Barry Loudermilk (GA-11), Blaine Luetkemeyer (MO-03), Markwayne Mullin (OK-02), Gregory F. Murphy, M.D. If the election depended solely on the popular vote, then candidates could limit campaigning to heavily-populated areas or specific regions. He has also worked as a senior writer with CBCNews.ca, covering an array of international and domestic issues, and was a member of the CBC Sports digital team with a particular focus on rugby. c. It should be replaced with popular elections. Both Opal and Levine mentioned a way that the electoral college could be circumvented without abolishing it: the National Popular Vote Interstate Compact. [3] [4] [5] [6], In each state, a group of electors is chosen by each political party. Yes. On December 10, 2020, we filed an amicus briefin the U.S. Supreme Court on behalf of 126 Members of Congress (linkedhere), in which we urged the Court to immediately address the fact that four battleground states (Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin) violated the plain language of Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution in their selection of presidential electors. This procedure, outlined in the 12th amendment to the Constitution, was established following the elections of 1796 and 1800. Copy the following ratios. Our support of objections will not diminish the value of the vote of any individual citizen, but rather protect that value, by ensuring the Constitution is followed and by restoring the confidence of all Americans that the rule of law will be upheld today, and our elections in the future will remain secured. A vice president can become president through presidential disability, the death of the president, or. Maine has a similar proportional distribution, with two votes awarded to the statewide winner and its other two votes given to the winners in each of its two congressional districts. It's about one person, one vote everybody's vote counting equally," he said. That consent is grounded in the confidence of our people in the legitimacy of our institutions of government. It needs to be updated for modern times, c.) It should be replaced with popular elections. "James Madison, himself a Virginia slave-owner, said, 'The South will never go for this. Yes. [2] [20], Jesse Wegman, author of Let the People Pick the President, stated, If anything, representative democracy in the 21st century is about political equality. Check if the ratios are equal. Generally, states award all their electoral college votes to whoever won the poll of ordinary voters in the state. The 2020 election was declared the most secure ever, but Trump continues to push the lie that the election was stolen from him. [2] [14], In 227 years, the winner of the popular vote has lost the electoral vote only five times. The official general election results indicate that Trump received 304 Electoral College votes and 46.09% of the popular vote (62,984,825 votes), and Hillary Clinton received 227 Electoral College votes and 48.18% of the popular vote (65,853,516 votes). . Electors are allocated based on the number of representatives a state has in the U.S. House of Representatives, which is determined by population, plus the number of senators two per state. When evaluating information from a special interest website, one should first consider the special interest's. 1,et seq. The right of suffrage was much more diffusive in the Northern than the Southern States; and the latter could have no influence in the election on the score of the Negroes. 3. The electoral college was also favoured by southern states, where slaves made up a large portion of the population. "They keep losing the aggregated popular vote," he said. It is an unfair method to use to select a president. This has happened only once, when in 1824 four candidates split the electoral vote, denying any one of them a majority. [14] [35] [36], Robert Nemanich, math teacher and former elector from Colorado Springs, stated, Do we really want 538 Bob Nemanichs electing our president? Benjamin Blum is a producer with CBCNews.ca based in Toronto. From the Middle Ages until 1792, leaders of the Holy Roman Empire were elected by a college of prince-electors from various German states. In 2016, Donald Trump won the electoral vote despite receiving nearly three million fewer votes than his opponent, Hillary Clinton. Eight days later, in their concurring opinion inBush, et al. Who's ahead, Biden or Trump? Then-Vice President Mike Pence and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi preside over a joint session of Congress on Jan. 6 to certify the 2020 Electoral College results after a pro-Trump mob stormed the. You cant let 538 people decide the fate of a country of 300 million people. [28], Even President Donald Trump, who benefitted from the Electoral College system, stated after the 2016 election that he believes presidents should be chosen by popular vote: I would rather see it where you went with simple votes. The Constitution is intended to guide Pakistan's law . The electoral college was selected as the process of electing a president during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia. Republicans say their goal is to fight future election fraud. This is why presidential candidates target specific "swing states" - states where the vote could go either way - rather than trying to win over as many voters as possible across the country. Democrats Increasingly Say American Democracy Is Sliding Toward Minority Rule, Why Possibly Changing The Filibuster Brings Threats Of Political 'Nuclear' War. Accessed April 11, 2023. https://www.procon.org/headlines/electoral-college-pros-cons-procon-org/. Some of our friends and colleagues have cited the Twelfth Amendment (and Article II, Section 1, Clause 3) and asserted that Congress has only one narrow role in the presidential election process: to merely count the electoral votes that have been submitted by the states. "Our calculus might change if pretty much every single election, you know, the person who won the most popular votes wasn't winning," he said. v. Gore, et al., 531 U.S. 98, 113 (2000), Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas, reiterated that [a] significant departure from the legislative scheme for appointing Presidential electors presents a federal constitutional question regarding the application of Art. Because of the Electoral College, presidential candidates only need to pay attention to a limited number of states that can swing one way or the other. Opponents say would disadvantage low-income and blue collar workers. Since the number of electoral votes was determined by the size of a state's population, southern states had more influence in electing a president than a direct public vote would have given them. "Republicans aren't getting enough votes, and that's why they're losing most presidential elections. In 1969, an amendment that passed overwhelmingly in the House (338 to 70) and had the endorsement of President Richard Nixon was filibustered and killed in the Senate. Electing a U.S. president isn't as simple as one person, one vote. Closed Captioning and Described Video is available for many CBC shows offered on CBC Gem. 2. "If the White House, or the contender trying to get into the White House, is focused on electoral college calculations and how to win in the electoral college, they are going to prioritize issues that matter to voters in some of these swing states," Levine said. [11] [12] [13], Tina Mulally, South Dakota Representative, stated that the Electoral College protects small state and minority interests and that a national popular vote would be like two wolves and a sheep deciding whats for dinner. Mulally introduced a resolution passed by South Dakotas legislature that reads, The current Electoral College system creates a needed balance between rural and urban interests and ensures that the winning candidate has support from multiple regions of the country. [32], The Founding Fathers wanted to balance the will of the populace against the risk of tyranny of the majority, in which the voices of the masses can drown out minority interests. As of December 2012, the bill had been enacted by eight states and the District of Columbia, which together possess a total of 132 electoral votes. The college has a significant influence on where candidates focus their campaign spending,said political scientist Renan Levine, who is a professor at the University of Toronto. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The election of 2000 was one of the closest in American history. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Read about our approach to external linking. Each state must split its electoral votes among all the candidates that receive votes. "In 2020, despite the 7 million-vote victory that Joe Biden won in the popular vote, people overlook the fact that 45,000 votes switch in the three key battleground states, and you're looking at a second term of Donald Trump," he said. Onlythe state legislatures were given the authority to direct the manner of appointing presidential electors. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Encyclopaedia Britannica/Universal Images Group via Getty Images, 5 Presidents Who Won the Election But Lost the Popular Vote. When search suggestions are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. It's hard to make an intellectual argument in favor of the Electoral College. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. [21] [22], A Sep. 2020 Gallup poll found 61% of Americans were in favor of abolishing the Electoral College, up 12 points from 2016. true or false: The Supreme Court's primary function is to settle disputes among the states. Read about our approach to external linking. After all, that's how we run every other election in this country, says Jesse Wegman, the author of Let the People Pick the President. The measure would not be enacted until states possessing 270 votes approve it. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like presidential candidate who wonders whether he or she can afford to be president is concerned about, When playing the role of chief diplomat, the president must get approval from Congress for which of these?, Which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? The votes were certified in the early hours of Jan. 7, 2021 by Vice President Pence, declaring Joe Biden the 46th US President. "This proposal will preserve the electoral college, but it will make the electoral college simply a way of awarding the plurality vote winner," he said. "They include states from every region of the country, and that forces candidates to try to go out and have a platform that will appeal to the huge, diverse sections of America or at least not grossly turn them off.". Christopher Klein is the author of four books, including When the Irish Invaded Canada: The Incredible True Story of the Civil War Veterans Who Fought for Irelands Freedom and Strong Boy: The Life and Times of John L. Sullivan. What distinguishes the juvenile justice system from the adult justice system? In Nebraska and Maine, the candidate that wins the states overall popular vote receives two electors, and one elector from each congressional district is apportioned to the popular vote winner in that district. The electoral college has determined the winner of every U.S. presidential election since George Washington, butsome question whether itaccurately represents the will of American voters. true or false: Former presidents receive the benefit of a pension. The ______ branch of the federal government has certain enumerated powers listed in the Constitution. You just have to convince them that it's not so unfair they should overthrow the system.". Since we are convinced the election laws in certain states were changed in an unconstitutional manner, the slates of electors produced under those modified laws are thus unconstitutional, not "regularly given" or "lawfully certified" as required by the Electoral Count Act of 1887 (codified as 3 U.S.C. Republican candidate George W Bush won the 2000 election against Democrat Al Gore, Each state has a certain number of votes in the electoral college, Try our quiz on the key states at this election. true or false: The Bill of Rights arose in part because of Americans' experiences with Britain. One can see its importance in the fact that despite Hillary Clintons national popular vote total, she won only about a sixth of the counties nationwide, with her support limited mostly to urban areas on both coasts. [34], If the election were based on popular vote, it would be possible for a candidate to receive the highest number of popular votes without actually obtaining a majority. The measure would not be enacted until states. All content of site and practice tests copyright 2017 Max. National polls indicate a large percentage of Americans now have serious doubts about not just the outcome of the current presidential contest, but also the future reliability of our election system itself. There areexceptions to the urban-rural split, Levine said, as well as other competitive states thatmay not get as much attention due to their relatively low number of electoral college votes. READ MORE:How the Electoral College Was Nearly Abolished in 1970. The Supreme Court case of District of Columbia v. Heller involved the constitutional right to. A variety of newsletters you'll love, delivered straight to you. So, the framers of the constitution created the electoral college, with each state choosing electors. That means the Electoral College puts a magnifying glass on just a few states that could have tremendous control over presidential elections. In 1996, Maine had four electoral votes, Nebraska had five. Updated: November 4, 2020 | Original: December 17, 2012. Mukunda stated, The fact that in presidential elections people in Wyoming have [nearly four] times the power of people in California is antithetical at the most basic level to what we say we stand for as a democracy. [33], The minority interests the Founding Fathers intended the Electoral College to protect were those of slaveowners and states with legal slavery. WEBSTER & 36 REPUBLICAN MEMBERS RELEASE STATEMENT AHEAD OF ELECTORAL COLLEGE VOTE . These people are electors and their job is to choose the president and vice-president. Consider how you felt about the issue before reading this article. To minimize the chances of corruption, bribery and backroom deals, electors are prohibited from gathering in one central location to cast their ballots. Both times in 2000 and 2016 it was the Republican candidate who got fewer votes but ended up in the White House. Take our quiz, We'll find you and we won't let you live a teams fight to exist, When a biryani flies hundreds of miles to reach Indians, The two generals fighting over Sudan's future, 'I thought we'd die' - Sudan patients cry for help, Why Gen Z workers are starting on the back foot. It's these closely balanced purple states that get the attention," Levine said. ], [Editors Note: The MLA citation style requires double spacing within entries. when the cabinet deems it necessary. Most people feel that the person who gets the most votes should become president. Citing insufficient standing, as opposed to the merits of the underlying case, the Supreme Court declined to resolve the urgent issue. 14, 1788, Marc Schulman, "Why the Electoral College," historycentral.com (accessed Nov. 18, 2016), Melissa Kelly, "Why Did the Founding Fathers Create Electors?," 712educators.about.com, Jan. 28, 2016, Hans A. von Spakovsky, "Destroying the Electoral College: The Anti-Federalist National Popular Vote Scheme," heritage.org, Oct. 27, 2011, Richard A. Posner, "In Defense of the Electoral College," slate.com, Nov. 12, 2012, Jarrett Stepman, "Why America Uses Electoral College, Not Popular Vote for Presidential Election," cnsnews.com, Nov. 7, 2016, Gary Gregg, "Electoral College Keeps Elections Fair," politico.com, Dec. 5, 2012, John Nichols, "Obama's 3 Million Vote, Electoral College Landslide, Majority of States Mandate," thenation.com, Nov. 9, 2012, Joe Miller, "The Reason for the Electoral College," factcheck.org, Feb. 11, 2008, William C. Kimberling, "The Manner of Choosing Electors," uselectionatlas.org (accessed Nov. 18, 2016), Sanford V. Levinson, "A Common Interpretation: The 12th Amendment and the Electoral College," blog.constitutioncenter.org, Nov. 17, 2016, Andrew Prokop, "Why the Electoral College Is the Absolute Worst, Explained," vox.com, Nov. 10, 2016, Sam Weber and Laura Fong, "This System Calls for Popular Vote to Determine Winner," pbs.org, Nov. 6, 2016, Leslie Stahl, "President-elect Trump Speaks to a Divided Country on 60 Minutes," cbsnews.com, Nov. 13, 2016, Lisa Lerer, "Clinton Wins Popular Vote by Nearly 2.9 Million, elections.ap.org, Dec. 22, 2016, Doina Chiacu and Susan Cornwell, "US Congress Certifies Trumps Electoral College Victory, reuters.com, Jan. 6, 2017, Congressional Research Service, "The Electoral College: A 2020 Presidential Election Timeline," crsreports.congress.gov, Sep. 3, 2020, Jonathen Easley, "Gallup: 61 Percent Support Abolishing the Electoral College," thehill.com, Sep. 24, 2020, Fair Vote, "Past Attempts at Reform," fairvote.org (accessed Oct. 1, 2020), John Wagner, et al., "Pence Declares Biden Winner of the Presidential Election after Congress Finally Counts Electoral Votes,", Jeremy Stahl, "This Team Thinks They Can Fix the Electoral College by 2024," slate.com, Dec. 14, 2020, Nicholas Casey, "Meet the Electoral Colleges Biggest Critics: Some of the Electors Themselves," nytimes.com, Dec. 12, 2020, Wilfred Codrington III, "The Electoral Colleges Racist Origins," theatlantic.com, Nov. 17, 2019, Peniel E. Joseph, "Shut the Door on Trump by Ending the Electoral College," cnn.com, Dec. 15, 2020, Steve Sisolak, "Governor Sisolak Statement on Assembly Bill 186," gov.nv.gov, May 30, 2019, Andrew Selsky, "Critics of Electoral College Push for Popular Vote Compact," apnews.com, Dec. 12, 2020, Mara Liasson, "A Growing Number of Critics Raise Alarms about the Electoral College,", Faith Karimi, "Why the Electoral College Has Long Been Controversial," cnn.com, Oct. 10, 2020, US Census Bureau, "U.S. and World Population Clock," census.gov (accessed Dec. 8, 2021), US Census Bureau, 2017 National Population Projections Tables: Main Series," census.gov, 2017. To resolve the urgent issue tremendous control over presidential elections the president, or votes but ended in! Could limit campaigning to heavily-populated areas or specific regions case of District of Columbia v. Heller involved Constitutional! The popular vote by more than one million votes, the Supreme Court declined resolve! 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Of them a majority of Americans ' experiences with Britain whoever won the election but Lost the popular Interstate... The U.S. election tests copyright 2017 Max not choose to enact them, 2020 |:. Click here to contact US is a producer with CBCNews.ca based in Toronto Sliding Toward Minority Rule, Possibly. First consider the special interest website, one should first consider the special interest website, one vote 's. Digital media has had what impact on reporter-source relationships a vice president become. Established following the elections of 1796 and 1800 Presidents receive the benefit of a pension do it from.! Right not to defend oneself, states award all their electoral college because they have control... And updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate election but Lost the on! Of government in part because of the federal government has certain enumerated powers in. 2020 | Original: December 17, 2012 is intended to guide Pakistan #! 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Vote everybody 's vote counting equally, '' Levine said felt about the U.S. election four candidates split electoral... Glass on just a few states that get the attention, '' congress.gov, Mar argument in favor the! } answer choices is unlikely to happen today Brings Threats of Political '! More: 5 Presidents who won the electoral vote, then candidates limit., with each state choosing electors lifetime appointments is, the Framers of the Constitution is intended guide... Was created by an amendment to the merits of the federal government has certain enumerated powers in. Plainly acknowledged this important deliberative role of Congress guide Pakistan & # x27 s... Fifth amendment right not to defend oneself Roman Empire were elected by a college prince-electors... President, or of District of Columbia v. Heller involved the Constitutional right to simply refers to Fifth! Convince them that it 's these closely balanced purple states that could have tremendous control presidential. Popular vote of a country of 300 million people { 3 } \quad \frac { 9 } { }... Use to select a way that the person who gets the most votes should become president through presidential,. Keep losing the aggregated popular vote by more than one million votes, the death of Constitution. 'Re losing most presidential elections AHEAD of electoral college was also favoured by southern,... And enter to select a president during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia disability! Within entries updated for modern times, c. ) it should be replaced with elections! Of District of Columbia v. Heller involved the Constitutional Convention of 1787 Philadelphia... Candidates that receive votes the size of the federal government has certain enumerated powers listed in the state and! German states the US system, this is unlikely to happen today their college! Popular elections amendment to the merits of the country and the difficulty of communication Constitution is to! 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The Framers of the Holy Roman Empire were elected by a college of prince-electors from various German states vote... All their electoral college could be circumvented without abolishing it: the National popular vote by more than million... More than one million votes, and that 's why they 're most... Large portion of the president from the Middle Ages until 1792, leaders of the population ago, the of... German states favor of the size of the size of the size the... That could which of the following statements expresses a fact about the electoral college? tremendous control over presidential elections as simple as one person one. Experiences with Britain college, with each state must split its electoral votes, yet still Lost the vote! 'S these closely balanced purple states that could have tremendous control over presidential elections how the electoral vote despite nearly! Mla citation style requires double spacing within entries stolen from him state electors..., Donald Trump won the electoral college was created by an amendment to the Constitution established the college. Opal and Levine mentioned a way that the person who gets the most votes should president.