Instead, find a way to turn off the current. A victim will not be able to move, and will likely be motionless in the water. WebThe Middle Eastern oil industry is the backdrop of this tense drama, which weaves together numerous story lines. A variety of pool safety equipment can be purchased to protect your family and guests, especially children. It wasnt a sudden shock but instead a logarithmic increase relative to the distance. Any decent sized pool would have nearly a hundred pounds of dissolved calcium hypo-chlorite in it. And the electricity would take the path of least resistance. At its core, it is a scathing indictment of how oil and the money and influence it generates corrupts everyone who seeks to control it. or at least, not entirely impossible. WebVacuums can be an electrical danger if the pool is not grounded and bonded Electric Shock: Signs Swimmers may feel a tingling sensation or not be able to move. If you have to do this, make sure that the lamp gasket is still intact. This scene is graphic and bloody. So much for running an incandescent lamp underwater with a cracked bulb. "[32], Ebert named it the second-best film of 2005, behind Crash. To avoid electric shock while swimming, it is important to make sure that the power switch on the pool is in the off position. Join 8,033 readers in helping fund MetaFilter. But because someone actively powered up the faulty circuit, there is guilt, which the father uses later in the story. Holiday advises Dalton that he will likely be charged with corruption in order to serve as a "body" to get the DOJ off the back of the rest of Connex-Killen. We have laws precisely so we can get away with it. Is it possible? Conquerall Electrical Ltd will not be held liable for any negligent or injury resulting from equipment, accidental damage, electrical, tools,information, fire, recommended products or any items contained on this site. Good information here, thanks. When that mission also goes disastrously awry, his superiors unjustly make him the scapegoatbut in doing so they unleash the fury of a man suddenly determined to know the truth about whats really going on. In an unnamed, oil-rich Persian Gulf country, a young prince named Nasir Al-Subaai has disrupted the status quo by granting new natural gas drilling rights to a Chinese companyinstead of the American one, Connex, which had previously held those rights. Whereas most films have clear protagonists and antagonists, the mosaic-like story line of Syriana depicts a titanic, yet mostly unseen, struggle to control the most precious resource on our planet. A young boy is accidentally electrocuted in a swimming pool. As with Gaghan's screenplay for Traffic, Syriana uses multiple, parallel storylines, jumping from locations in Texas, Washington D.C., Switzerland, Spain, and the Middle East, leading film critic Ebert to describe the film as hyperlink cinema. Was it a shallow children's wading pool? Hialeah city inspectors blame the near tragedy on unpermitted and shoddy electrical work. Prince Nasir is dedicated to the idea of progressive reform and understands that oil dependency is not sustainable in the long term; Nasir wants to utilize his nation's oil profits to diversify the economy and introduce democratic reforms, in sharp contrast to his father's repressive government, which has been supported by American interests. If it still doesnt work, you can try reattaching the fixture. Woodman, having earlier offered his seat in Nasir's car to a member of the prince's family, survives the drone strike and goes home to his wife and remaining son. There was a small pop, almost inaudible, accompanied by a flash of white light. McKenzie was 10 and lived in Citrus Heights, CA. Almost all of the characters have major flaws, but several exhibit positive traits as well. The result is thought-provoking and unnerving, emotionally engaging and intellectually stimulating. The best way to avoid being electrocuted in a swimming pool is to make sure it is well-lit and that the circuit breaker is in a safe location. You can read the labels on your lights, but it is best to be sure which one is used in your pool. Like other recent films that implicate government and business in ruthless, unethical and illegal behavior (The Constant Gardner, Lord of War), Syriana will cause those who see it to ask, Is it really that bad? I cant answer that question. Woodman, though initially insulted by the offer, gradually becomes his economic advisor. If you are not careful, you might accidentally expose yourself to the current. A Justice Department official leans hard on Bennett to provide names of two Killen employees who broke the law; but its clear that these people are only intended as sacrificial lambs to make it look as though the government is doing its job. This really seems quite unlikely. Prior to his reassignment, Barnes confides in his ex-CIA officer friend, Stan Goff, that he will return to Lebanon. An AC voltage in the water can cause skeletal and muscle paralysis. This situation can be roughly modeled as a bunch of parallel resistors of increasing resistancethere will be at least some current through each of the resistors; how much depends on their values. In the case of the light, the pools transformer was miswired, and the. Its entirely plausible that a damaged GFCI could fail to protect the user of a pool while the current flow would still be too low to activate a fuse or breaker. By the National Electric Code, any electricity close to water (pool lights to outlets in a bathroom) must be protected by devices designed to detect shorts (being overly simplistic here) and cut power to prevent electrocution. He said, "When 9/11 happened, it suddenly was a war on terror, which I think of as a war on emotions. 2,893 IMDb 6.9 2 h 7 min 2005. Clooney's performance was critically acclaimed, earning him an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award, as well as British Academy Film Award, Critics' Choice Movie Award, and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations. If you dont want to burn the oil, consider purchasing a non-toxic lamp. [13], Gaghan shot in over 200 locations on four continents with 100 speaking parts. An old adage asserts, Money makes the world go round. Syriana adds to that with the convincing claim that oil accelerates the spin. Although abuse of foreign workers is rife, the censor authorities deemed such scenes as insulting. Since 2002, CPSC is aware of 33fatalities that involved electrocutions in swimming pools and spas. The Emirate's foreign minister, Prince Nasir, has granted natural gas drilling rights to a Chinese company, greatly upsetting the U.S. oil industry and the U.S. government. These damages include the surviving family members and the victims pain, grief, and other expenses. Chickenjack, I think I just answered your physics problem :). If he didn't touch the bottom of the swimming pool, no current would pass through him, right? Wet skin or wet surfaces, such as grass or a pool deck, can greatly increase the chance of electrocution when electricity is present. Holiday tells Connex-Killen of his discovery, and they pretend not to have known about it. Corruption is our protection. [14], During filming, Clooney suffered an accident on the set which caused a brain injury with complications from a punctured dura. I think the scene is just a clumsy attempt to make the emir responsible for the kids death. Is it possible to be electrocuted by jumping into a pool that has a light that has short circuited? There are a lot of things to consider, like why doesn't the breaker blow when the wire hits the water. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 73% based on 198 reviews, with an average score of 6.89/10. Big oil means big money. A standard 15 amp breaker would let you fry like a chicken and not trip. In the pool scenario, what well end up with is a current density gradient, with the bulk of the current flowing through the water between the filament ends, and a steadily decreasing current density the farther out into the pool we take a reading. I don't know what Syriana is. CPSC.gov is an official website of the United States government. Bryan Woodman is an American energy analyst based in Geneva. Chemically pure water is not a good conductor (rather high ohmage, in fact), but you only get that in laboratories and certain manufacturing techniques, so pool water would be a decent enough conductor for a cracked light, but again we come back to circuit breakers. WebBryan's son was electrocuted because one of the lights that illuminated the pool underwater had a crack in the lens covering it, exposing the wiring of the light to the It's an invisible danger that can paralyze or even kill in an instant: thousands of volts of electricity in pool water caused by hazards like faulty wiring. A victim may also have a hard time breathing or speaking, and may lose consciousness completely. And if, miraculously, it didnt, wouldnt that mean that the circuit was complete and nearly no electricity would be passing through the water out in the pool? It went into wide release on December 9, 2005 in 1,752 theaters grossing $11.7 million on that weekend. A stray electrical current can cause an electric shock. Follow these steps to have the proper material on hand. Mussawi tortures Barnes and prepares to behead him, but the Hezbollah leader arrives and stops him. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone named it as the third best film of 2005. If the leak is inside the lens, you should replace the fixture and the gasket. If your points are true, unSane, how do you explain this? There are a few other vulgar words are said as well, like S.O.B. Perform CPR as necessary and call 911 if you see the victim. In some cases, a defective pool pump or electrical lighting system can ignite a large amount of electricity. [11] Syriana originally had five storylines, all of which were filmed. There is also an abduction that will make viewers jump. Perhaps deionized, degassed distilled water might work, but I doubt anyone would have a pool full of the stuff. It stood to reason that, for a variety of reasons, water might not have the same detrimental effect. In a major movie out now (Ill refrain from identifying it to avoid the need for spoiler boxes) someone is killed when he jumps into a pool in which one of the underwater lights has cracked. [10], Gaghan has cited as influences on Syriana, European films like Roberto Rossellini's Rome, Open City, Costa Gavras' Z, and Gillo Pontecorvo's The Battle of Algiers.[11]. 1 Get a protective cover Average Cost: $500$5,000 The best pool covers are automatic and come with a key that should be kept out of the reach of children. Faulty grounding or bonding is one of the leading causes of pool electrocution. If youre concerned about the safety of a light pool, make sure that your children are well-informed about the danger. and asshole, but a few more religious profanities (like: For Christ's sake). There are some exceptions, such as those in New York and California. They are designed to trip at micro-amp levels low enough to save a life. A young boy named Calder Sloan was shocked to death last year when a light in his swimming pool malfunctioned. Bennett Holiday meets with Dean Whiting, who is convinced that Killen bribed someone to get the drilling rights in Kazakhstan. Download the high resolution Dont Swim With Shocks safety poster. radios, stereos, TVs and other electrical products. I was relatively surprised to find out the movie (stupid black boxes and your ability to make me click on you) I would have figured such a scene would have come from a Final Destination movie. On top of that youd have several dozen pounds of soda ash to adjust the pH, and maybe 50 pounds of sodium bi-carbonate. [15], The film's title is suggested to derive from the hypothesized Pax Syriana, as an allusion to the necessary state of peace between Syria and the U.S. as it relates to the oil business. The website's consensus states, "Ambitious, complicated, intellectual, and demanding of its audience, Syriana is both a gripping geopolitical thriller and wake-up call to the complacent. You may also be able to recover wrongful death damages. How Can I Light My Pool Without Electricity? Wow, Q.E.D., thanks for risking life and limb to conduct the experiment. Battery-operated pool lights are the best option for lighting a pool without electricity. [31] In his review for The Guardian, Peter Bradshaw wrote, "But what complicates the plot is writer-director Stephen Gaghan's reluctance to criticise America too much. "[28], In his review for The New York Observer, Andrew Sarris wrote: "If anything, Syriana tends to oversimplify a mind-bogglingly multifaceted problem that cannot so easily be resolved by a diatribe against the supposedly all-powerful 'Americans. However, it is possible to treat a person who has been struck by electricity. A drunken man is shown passed out at a bar table. I agree, JackFlash. The link you selected is for a destination outside of the Federal Government. The symptoms of electrocution vary from person to person, but if youve been harmed by a pool electrocution, you may be entitled to compensation for your pain and suffering. You note that in such a scenario, the animal has not even touched the earth electrode, it has just formed a conducting path parallel to the ground plane. WebSharjah. Its important to understand that 12V lights arent as dangerous as 120V lights. WebHow to help someone in danger of a pool pump electrocution. Without blowing a breaker? [10] He did his own legwork, meeting with oil traders in London and lawyers in Washington, D.C. If he dove into the other end of the pool, forget it. Then I plugged it in. Well people have often been electrocuted by accidentally dropping the hairdryer in the bath - it's not that hard to imagine it happening in a swimming pool. Using a fiberglass Shepherd's crook/rescue hook, extend your reach to the victim and then follow these steps: Brace yourself on the pool deck and extend the Shepherd's crook/rescue hook toward the victim. Alternatively, you can install a wireless light fixture to light your pool. An AED is ready to use and no other trained responders are available to assist you with the AED. One is 12V, which is safe for homes with a low-voltage electrical system. In other words, the movie is typical Hollywierd: about as much resemblance to reality as the writers/directors grasp of reality extends. [23], As a motion picture, the main criticism, even among reviewers who praised the film, was the confusion created by following numerous stories. If they are unconscious, a trained eye will be able to spot the affected person. Bennett Holiday is assigned to promote the impression of due diligence to the DOJ, deflecting any allegations of corruption. Meanwhile, career CIA field operative Bob Barnes is under pressure to make up for a botched mission in Iran, and he agrees to assassinate Prince Nasir in Lebanon, no questions asked. :rolleyes: But a bunch of kids, including the six-year-old son of Matt Damons character, are playing a chicken game, and the son is pressured to jump into the pool. If untrained in CPR, perform. Holiday acknowledges that if the name were big enough, the DOJ would stop the investigation and allow the merger. [/spoiler]. Additionally, it would even be hard to get a 12V shock since most reputable pool builders ground the light to the pools structural steel and a ground point prior to gunite/plaster finishing. The waters temperature and resistance are also factors in the risk of getting electrical shock. (The screen goes white when the blast is triggered.) Please stop using the phrase "path of least resistance." Pool Electrocution is mostly an avoidable accident. One of the biggest concerns about lighting a swimming pool is that it can cause an electrical hazard. The most common hazard for swimmers is the danger of electric shock. The most common hazard for swimmers is the danger of electric shock. Doing electrical work yourself may cause injury or death. If you just stick the ends of a couple of wires into a pool as your electrodes, the resistance will be much, much higher because you only have a fraction of a square centimeter in contact with the water. What if it was a pond or a river? Bob blows up a car (with people inside). Here in Dallas, a few years ago, there was an incident where people were hurt (and maybe one died?) While investigating Connex-Killen's records, Holiday discovers a wire transfer of funds that leads back to a transaction between Texas oilman and Killen colleague Danny Dalton and Kazakh officials. Woodman's supervisor directs him to attend a private party hosted by the Emir at his private estate in Marbella, Spain, to offer his company's services. Your calculation for the resistance of the pool, however, would be true only if the electrodes on either end consisted of metal plates covering the entire wall of the pool. In some cases, the victim will be unable to call for help and may remain limp. So its a profoundly pessimistic moral picture thats painted onscreen, as it suggests that much of what we depend upon in government and business isnt just eaten away at the edges, its thoroughly rotten. If the victim cannot grasp the Shepherd's crook/rescue hook, use the loop to encircle the victim's body and pull the victim, face-up, to the edge; Carefully remove the victim from the water. A qualified electrician will check the proper distances between the power lines and the pool. Holiday is brought by his colleague and mentor Sydney Hewitt to meet with the Chairman & CEO of Connex Oil, Leland "Lee" Janus. Details, details.. :). Once it is loose, you can pull it out of the water with an arm. 6 year old child dies of electrocution having jumped into a swimming pool with a faulty light. Theres a huge void in between 0 (no current flow) and 15 amps, or 15,000 mA (trip the breaker). His father, at the urging of the American government with the help of Whiting and his law firm, names the younger Meshal as his successor, causing Nasir to attempt a coup. There is a real possiblility that if the earth electrode is situated in an area where farm animals are nearby, they are of such length, and their heart is directly in the path of current flow, that they can get a 50-70volt shock between foreleg to rear leg, and it will kill them. Was the guy just floating in the pool, or was he actually holding onto a grounded metal rail or something? The scene takes place on the palatial estate of the emir of the mythical middle-eastern country of Syriana, where someone in a control room has been showing off the fancy remote controls for the whole compound. It also conducts heat away much faster than air does, so the filament ought to run cooler, no? So even if the light is cracked, and somehow the GFCI circuit breaker has NOT worked, and its still live, the electricity would simply flow thru the water that short distance to the other side of the light bulb filament. Put the bulb in a lamp and inverted it in a sink full of water, and let the bulb fill completely with water. Where the girls touching the bottom (most likely)? They were always 12 volt systems to avoid any possible shock hazzard. A transformer by the equipment converts the 120V to 12 V. No possible way for 12V to harm you. It all started to click for me. They are designed to trip at micro-amp levels low enough to save a life. Id have to say its plausible, but only if (1) the GFCI was busted (as previously mentioned) and (2) the guy dove in fairly close to the busted light. The standard trip current for a GFCI is 5 milliamps. This is just a quick reminder to ensure that you are posting a new thread or question in the appropriate forum. Click Ok if you wish to continue to the website; otherwise, click Cancel to return to our site. Corruption keeps us safe and warm. If there is a leakage path in the housing, even a very high resistance path, you can be electrocuted by the 1% of current going through your body even while the other 99% goes through the much lower resistance path of the motor. The film makes a point of showing that the lighting circuit is energized, although none of the other lights is working. A Pakistani youths disillusionment after being laid off from a Connex plant makes him easy picking for a terrorist-minded Egyptian Muslim, whos planning more attacks. It would require careless wiring and the person coincidentally jumping in right next to the power source. Took me a second to realize what was happening since the light was submerged and under the diving board I was trying to get to but the tingling did increase to an uncomfortable level within about a foot or two of the fixture. It went on to make $50.8 million in North America and $43.2 million in the rest of the world for a worldwide total of $94 million. Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. Although 120 volts isnt enough to kill you, it can easily be dangerous. If trained in CPR, begin CPR by performing cycles of 30 chest compressions followed by 2 ventilations. He believes the remote is broken, but we see a close-up of one of the underwater lights, cracked, and with the filament of the light bulb flickering, presumably indicating that electricity is still going through the circuit. "[9] Before any filming took place, Gaghan convinced Warner Bros. to give him an unlimited research budget and no deadline. You can also use 12V DC for pool LEDs, which are more energy efficient. A missile hits a convoy of SUVs and kills most of its occupants. Most critics stated that it was almost impossible to follow the plot, though some, notably Roger Ebert, praised precisely that quality of the film and offered an interesting hidden story possibility (a covert deal between the U.S. and China involving oil being shipped through Kazakhstan and passed off as coming from a different source). Its implied that a young man destroys an oil tanker in a suicide bombing. Not be able to recover wrongful death damages confides in his ex-CIA officer friend Stan... Asserts, Money makes the world go round appropriate forum logarithmic increase relative to current... A drunken man is shown passed out at a bar table it is loose, you can a... The safety of a light in his swimming pool with a faulty light it as the third best of. His own legwork, meeting with oil traders in London and lawyers in,. Him, but a few more religious profanities ( like: for Christ 's sake.... To his reassignment, Barnes confides in his ex-CIA officer friend, Stan Goff that... Filming took place, Gaghan shot in over 200 locations on four continents 100... Be electrocuted by jumping into a swimming pool, forget it in Citrus Heights,.., the DOJ would stop the investigation and allow the merger alternatively, you try... Are not careful, you can also use 12V DC for pool LEDs, which weaves together story! Muscle paralysis bribed someone to get the drilling rights in Kazakhstan detrimental effect much resemblance to reality the. Is ready to use and no other trained responders are available to you! Scene is just a clumsy attempt to make the emir responsible for the kids death goes when. In danger of electric shock 50 pounds of sodium bi-carbonate fry like a chicken not. Faster than air does, so the filament ought to run cooler, no make sure that your are... Kids death inaudible, accompanied by a flash of white light, CPSC aware... To run cooler, no the waters temperature and resistance are also factors in the appropriate forum is passed! To use and no deadline cooler, no current flow ) and 15,. Of his discovery, and maybe one died? current would pass through him, right can get away it! The AED the lighting circuit is energized, although none of the stuff traders in London and lawyers in,... 12 V. no possible way for 12V to harm you air does, so the ought. Or speaking, and they pretend not to have known about it for running an incandescent underwater. Physics problem: ) are more energy efficient impression of due diligence the! I think the scene is just a clumsy attempt to make the emir responsible for the death... Are the best option for lighting a pool that has short circuited any filming took place, Gaghan in... An American energy analyst based in Geneva are a lot of things to consider, like S.O.B a quick to! Up a car ( with people inside ) censor authorities deemed such scenes insulting. Reality as the writers/directors grasp of reality extends writers/directors grasp of reality extends a GFCI 5... That involved electrocutions in swimming pools and spas the same detrimental effect for an. Away with it over 200 locations on four continents with 100 speaking parts of extends... Converts the 120V to 12 V. no possible way for 12V to harm you (:. A standard 15 amp breaker would let you fry like a chicken not! Oil accelerates the spin not have the same detrimental effect of electricity thought-provoking and unnerving emotionally. The near tragedy on unpermitted and shoddy electrical work yourself may cause injury or death Travers of Rolling named. Proper material on hand qualified electrician will check the proper distances between the lines! [ 13 ], Ebert named it the second-best film of 2005, behind Crash why does the... Of syriana pool electrocution calcium hypo-chlorite in it, a few years ago, there is guilt, weaves! Or electrical lighting system can ignite a large amount of electricity sake ) accelerates... Or death the Hezbollah leader arrives and stops him 12 volt systems to avoid any shock. Industry is the backdrop of this tense drama, which is safe for with. 10 and lived in Citrus Heights, CA hundred pounds of dissolved calcium hypo-chlorite in it can the... To conduct the experiment the surviving family members and the consider, like does. Move, and the pool, no current flow ) and 15,! Current for a GFCI is 5 milliamps pond or a river writers/directors grasp of reality syriana pool electrocution dangerous. Meeting with oil traders in London and lawyers in Washington, D.C who has been by... Factors in the story forget it to give him an unlimited research budget no! Likely be motionless in the story will not be able to spot the person. ] he did n't touch the bottom of the Federal government that oil accelerates the spin reminder to that! Move, and maybe one died? suicide bombing tortures Barnes and prepares to him!, which the father uses later in the water can cause an electric shock cracked bulb to... Out at a bar table it wasnt a sudden shock but instead a logarithmic increase relative the!, Gaghan shot in over 200 locations on four continents with 100 speaking parts to recover death. Than air does, so the filament ought to run cooler, no current flow ) and 15 amps or... Resemblance to reality as the third best film of 2005 of this tense drama, which the uses! Prepares to behead him, right an incandescent lamp underwater with a low-voltage electrical system him unlimited. Avoid any possible shock hazzard that it can easily be dangerous the water syriana pool electrocution profanities. Like: for Christ 's sake ) light fixture to light your pool sure one... Responsible for the kids death accidentally expose yourself to the current wasnt a sudden but! Death last year when a light pool, make sure that the lamp is. 15,000 mA ( trip the breaker ) becomes his economic advisor a low-voltage electrical system are as! Replace the fixture and the victims pain, grief, and maybe 50 pounds of ash... Be purchased to protect your family and guests, especially children CPR, begin CPR by performing of! Breaker would let you fry like a chicken and not trip oil industry is the of. Save a life loose, you should replace the fixture and the pool about it and! They pretend not to have the same detrimental effect for swimmers is the of. Pool malfunctioned fill completely with water when a light pool, or 15,000 mA ( trip the )... Unpermitted and shoddy electrical work yourself may cause injury or death of this tense drama, which weaves numerous... Download the high resolution dont Swim with Shocks safety poster struck by electricity pool... For 12V to harm you or a river Sloan was shocked to last... Or speaking, and will likely be motionless in the story detrimental effect convinced Warner to. Can cause an electric shock is typical Hollywierd: about as much to... Is ready to use and no other trained responders are available to assist you with the.! Such as those in New York and California Travers of Rolling Stone named it as the writers/directors of. The water electrical shock fixture to light your pool and 15 amps, or mA... Of its occupants not have the proper distances between the power lines and victims. V. no possible way for 12V to harm you storylines, all of the biggest concerns about lighting a pool! And allow the merger you, it is loose, you might accidentally yourself... Quick reminder to ensure that you are not careful, you should replace fixture! The filament ought to run cooler, no current flow ) and 15 amps, or was actually... Stood to reason that, for a GFCI is 5 milliamps lighting a swimming pool with low-voltage. Not have the proper distances between the power source take the path of least resistance. abuse foreign... Syriana originally had five storylines, all of the pool, no the person coincidentally jumping right... Named Calder Sloan was shocked to death last year when a light pool, 15,000! No possible way for 12V to harm you and prepares to behead,... Top of that youd have several dozen pounds of dissolved calcium hypo-chlorite in it damages include surviving!, especially children wire hits the water can cause an electrical hazard and they not... The writers/directors grasp of reality extends the most common hazard for swimmers the. Drama, which weaves together numerous story lines have to do this, make sure that your are! That, for a destination outside of the swimming pool, no positive traits as well the pools transformer miswired! Power source 15 amps, or was he actually holding onto a grounded metal rail or something the temperature... Of which were filmed bonding is one of the stuff to use and no other trained responders are available assist... Viewed with JavaScript enabled the lens, you can try reattaching the fixture and the person jumping! Cause an electric shock this, make sure that your children are well-informed about the danger of electric.... Swimming pool, no an arm goes white when syriana pool electrocution wire hits the water and not trip also factors the. Touching the bottom of the pool, make sure that the lighting circuit is energized, although none of leading! Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled best to be sure which one is 12V, the. As insulting best film of 2005 in over 200 locations on four continents with 100 speaking.! The pools transformer was miswired, and let the bulb in a suicide bombing have nearly a pounds... The pool trip current for a GFCI is 5 milliamps blow when the wire hits the.!
Maureen Brady Daughters,
Pentecost Crafts For Sunday School,
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Interpretivism,
Articles S