From the outset, it was obvious that they had found no Utopia on the border of the Soviet Union. Verified questions. [27] Kayotis had applied for and received a visa to visit the Soviet Union. It is an absolute necessity. This spy, Reino Hayhanen, stated that he had just been ordered to return to Moscow. Soviet agent Rudolf Ivanovich Abel sent and received coded messages that were hidden inside such things as hollow U.S. coins, bolts, and batteries. [8][6] Fisher's father, a revolutionary activist, taught and agitated with Vladimir Lenin at Saint Petersburg Technological Institute. The FBI first became aware of Abel's activities in 1953, when Abel's incompetent junior colleague Reino Hayhanen carelessly spent a hollow nickel that ended up in the hands of a paperboy. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel ( Russian: ), real name William August Fisher (11 July 1903 - 15 November 1971), was a Soviet intelligence officer. The court sentenced Abel to 30 years imprisonment. The two men were brought to separate sides of the Glienicker Bridge, which connects East and West Berlin across Lake Wannsee. This description was matched against the descriptions of Soviet representatives who had been in the United States between 1952 and 1954. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel . I do recall, however, that we used the code name `Quebec in referring to him and that he was recruited for Soviet intelligence work while in Moscow., (An intensive investigation was launched to identify and locate Quebec. It quickly produced results when, in examining a hollow piece of steel from Hayhanens home, the FBI Laboratory discovered a piece of microfilm less than one-inch square. The Mystery Novelist Who Committed a Real Murder, Boston Marathon Bombings Survivors, 10 Years Later, A Complete Timeline of Adnan Syeds Trial, Release, The Siege at Waco, In the Words of Who Was There, Ted Bundy Maybe Murdered Dozens More than We Knew, How Waco Inspired Timothy McVeighs OKC Bombing. Upon returning to the United States, Powers was cleared by the CIA and the Senate of any personal blame for the U-2 incident. [68][69] He made a notable appearance in the foreword to the Soviet spy film Dead Season and also worked as a consultant on the film. And both coins had a small hole in one printed letter so that a sharp-pointed instrument, such as a needle, could be used to open them. [41] Fisher sometimes related made-up stories of previous lives, as a Boston accountant and a lumberjack in the Pacific Northwest. Less than three years later, on May 1, 1960, Francis Gary Powers took off from Peshawar, Pakistan, at the controls of an ultra-sophisticated Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. The reverse side had been made from another nickelone minted sometime during the period of 1942 to 1945. The newsboy rested this coin, a nickel, on the middle finger of his hand. display. In order to establish contact with Mikhail in the United States, Hayhanen was instructed that after arriving in New York he should go to the Tavern on the Green in Central Park. Goldfus disappeared about April 26, 1957. The moment his eyes fell upon a picture of Mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin, Hayhanen straightened up in his chair and announced, Thats the one. By pooling the coins in their pocketbooks, they were able to give the newsboy change for a dollar. Fisher decided that he would not turn traitor as Hyhnen had done because he still trusted the KGB and he knew that if he cooperated with the FBI, he would not see his wife and daughter again. The man who became one of the Soviet Union's greatest spies told the orderly that he was born and reared in England and that his father was an agitator in the British labor movement of the early 1900s. [2][50], On 15 June 1957, Hyhnen was shown a photograph of Fisher taken by the FBI with a hidden camera. Omissions? It felt lighter than an ordinary nickel. In 2008, Yuri Linkevich shot the documentary "Unknown Abel". He was, however, able to tell the FBI about Fisher's studio and its location. They then contacted James B. Donovan. Hollow coins, though rarely seen by the ordinary citizen, are occasionally used in magic acts and come to the attention of federal law enforcement agencies from time to time. Donovan had played an important role in the negotiations that led to the swap. [22] One of the students was the Canadian-born Russian spy Kitty Harris, who was later more widely known as "The Spy with Seventeen Names". WE WISH YOU SUCCESS. [11] They had one child together, a daughter named Evelyn who was born on 8 October 1929. He moved to Russia in the 1920s, and served in the Soviet military before undertaking foreign service as a radio operator in Soviet intelligence in the late 1920s and early 30s. 39. Fisher was born William August Fisher[5] on 11 July 1903, in the Benwell area of Newcastle upon Tyne,[6] the second son of Heinrich and Lyubov Fisher. Fisher was publicly feted a hero upon his return to the Soviet Union. Months of determined probing by the FBIs scientists and investigative staff had led merely to one blind alley after another. It had been hollowed out, and there was a small hole in the first a of the word Tasavalta which appeared on the tail side of this coin. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. They met only when necessarythe meeting place being the Prospect Park subway station. The Irish American New York lawyer who defended a Russian spy, and negotiated on behalf of the thousands of prisoners captured after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, is remembered by his daughter Jan. It can often appear that the lives of individuals depicted on the silver screen are too fantastic to be real. this is just under two hours. On February 10, 1962 at around 8:50 a . The proprietors of novelty stores and related business establishments in the New York vicinity were contacted. [12] Though Fisher was not as hard-working as Henry, he showed aptitude for science, mathematics, languages, art and music, inherited in part from his father's abilities. It was collecting time again. According to the lieutenant general of the Foreign Intelligence V. G. Pavlov: The very first chapter of the novel, called The Shield and the Sword, aroused categorical objections from me and R. I. Abel. I dont have any change. Indicted as a Russian spy, Colonel Abel was tried in federal court at New York City during October 1957. In the modest home of Hayhanen and his wife on Dorislee Drive in Peekskill, New York, FBI agents found such items as a 50 Markka coin from Finland. From July 1949 to October 1952, Hayhanen resided in Finland and established his identity as the American-born Eugene Maki. He admitted his first Soviet contact in New York had been "MIKHAIL" and upon being shown a series of photographs of Soviet officials identified "MIKHAIL" as Mikhail Svirin. I left Estonia for Finland in June 1943, and have resided here for the reason that I have no funds with which to pay my transportation to the United States.. This also was the case with the hollow nickel. Hyhnen confirmed that it was "MARK" in the photograph. The Soviet intelligence officer Alexander Belov appeared before readers as some sort of James Bond modification, with adventurous antics and immoral acts. His mother also was American born, but his father had immigrated to the United States from Finland in 1905. Upon opening the coin a square of microfilm was revealed. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Pablo Escobar. [24] Fisher's role in this operation was rewarded with what his superiors regarded as one of the most prestigious postings in Soviet foreign intelligence, the United States. Arrested by the Immigration and Naturalization Service on an alien warrant based upon his illegal entry into the United States and failure to register as an alien, Mark displayed a defiant attitude. End of preview. His real identity and country of birth were only revealed after his death. Ill ask the people across the hall, he said. In examining the nickel, agents of the FBIs New York Office noted that the microphotograph appeared to portray nothing more then ten columns of typewritten numbers. The case, which had made international headlines and turned James Donovan into a public pariah, faded into obscurity. A few Western correspondents were invited there to view for themselves the true identity of the spy who never "broke". Hayhanen obtained the impression that Mikhail was a Soviet diplomatic officialpossibly attached to the embassy or the United Nations. Upon its receipt in Washington on June 26, 1953, the nickel was subjected to the thorough scrutiny of a team of FBI scientific experts. On July 15, 1947, Andrew Kayotis, then residing in Detroit, was issued a passport so that he could visit relatives in Europe. Finally, Powers and Abel were waved forward and crossed the border into freedom at the same moment8:52 a.m., Berlin time. None could recall seeing a nickel or other coin quite like this one. [46] On 11 May, the CIA returned him to the United States and handed him over to the FBI. While his KGB training continued, Hayhanen worked as a mechanic in the City of Valga, Estonia. TRANSMIT INSERTIONS SEPARATELY.5. [52] Upon opening the door, he was confronted by FBI agents who addressed him as "colonel" and stated that they had "information concerning [his] involvement in espionage." His parents Heinrich and Lyubov were Bolshevik supporters from Russia, and young Fisher helped his father by distributing "Hands Off Russia" literature during World War I. Among the items he had been supplied by the Soviets were hollow pens, pencils, screws, batteries, and coinsin some instances magnetized so they would adhere to metal objects. While in Moscow, Fisher informed his superiors of his dissatisfaction with Hyhnen. In the spring of 1955, Fisher and Hyhnen visited Bear Mountain Park, and buried $5,000, (equivalent to $50,578 in 2021), destined for the wife of the Soviet spy Morton Sobell, who in 1951 was sentenced to thirty years in jail. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. From the latter part of August 1952 until April 1954, he had served as the first secretary to the Soviet United Nations Delegation in New York. A lady answered the door. In about 1948 he illegally entered the United States and, under the name of Emil R. Goldfus, lived for some time as an artist and photographer in a Brooklyn studio apartment, where he concealed shortwave-radio transmitting and receiving equipment. Roughly halfway through his journey, he was shot down over Sverdlovsk in the Ural Mountains. Try again Fisher was born and grew up in Newcastle upon Tyne in the North of England in the United Kingdom to Russian migr parents. He later served in an instructional role before taking part in intelligence operations against the Germans during World War II. FBI Laboratory experts examined this Finnish coin on May 17, 1957. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. [17], Fluent in English, Russian, German, Polish and Yiddish,[18] Fisher worked for the Comintern as a translator following his family's return to the Soviet Union. Updates? Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Rudolf Abel, Birth Year: 1903, Birth date: July 11, 1903, Birth City: Newcastle Upon Tyne, Birth Country: England. On the evening of Monday, June 22, 1953, a delivery boy for the Brooklyn Eagle knocked on the door of one of his customers in the apartment building at 3403 Foster Avenue in Brooklyn. To an embassy official, the Russian espionage agent explained, Im an officer in the Soviet intelligence service. The first showed that he was Emil R. Goldfus, born August 2, 1902 in New York City. Was Rudolf Abel found guilty? The newsboy quickly counted the coins in his pocket. According to Genesis, Abel, a shepherd, offered the Lord the firstborn of his flock. The action remained secret until it was successfully completed. The orderly became Abel's confidante, Ignashiev said, and the colonel told him that his real name was not Rudolf Abel but William Fisher. [4] He served just over four years of his sentence before he was exchanged for captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. A search of his Brooklyn studio uncovered a hollow pencil used for concealing messages, a code book, radio transmitting equipment and phony identifications. Supreme Court of the United States. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. During this period, he was most cautious to avoid suspicion or attracting attention to himselfhis Soviet superiors wanting him to become established as an ordinary, hard-working citizen. His ashes were interred at the Donskoye Cemetery under his real name; next to Konon Molody, who had died the previous year. On February 10, 1962, Rudolf Invanovich Abel was exchanged for the American U-2 pilot, Francis Gary Powers, who was a prisoner of the Soviet Union. [25], After rejoining the KGB in 1946, Fisher was trained as a spy for entry into the United States. [63] In Abel v. United States, the United States Supreme Court upheld his conviction by a vote of 54. [9] As Heinrich Fisher had served a sentence for offenses against the Russian Imperial Crown, he was forced to flee to the United Kingdom in 1901,[10] the alternative being deportation to Germany or imprisonment in Russia for avoidance of military service. . From 1953 to 1957, continuing efforts were made to solve the mystery of the hollow coin. Khrushchev also canceled an invitation for Eisenhower to visit the USSR. [2] During that time he received money from his superiors left in dead-letter boxes in the Bronx and Manhattan. He had come to the United States in 1948 or 1949, entering by illegally crossing the Canadian border. In 1962, he was released to the Soviet Union in exchange for captured U.S. pilot Francis Gary Powers. Fisher could not leave the country as Martin Collins, Emil Goldfus, or even the long-forgotten Andrew Kayotis. [45] Fisher, unsuspecting, advised Hyhnen to leave the U.S. immediately to avoid FBI surveillance and handed him $200 for travel expenses. One year laterJuly 28, 1952a passport was issued to Hayhanen as Eugene Maki at Helsinki. He became friends with two other convicted Soviet spies. She disappeared for a moment, then returned with a purse in her hand. The detective had received his information from another police officer whose daughter was acquainted with the newsboy. In the summer of 1948, Hayhanen was called to Moscow by the KGB. A member of the OGPU's "illegals" division, Fisher spent several years training operatives in radio work throughout Europe. He displayed a birth certificate from the state of Idaho which showed that he was born in Enaville on May 30, 1919, and, in the presence of a Vice Consul, he executed an affidavit in which he explained that his family had left the United States in 1928: I accompanied my mother to Estonia when I was eight years of age and resided with her until her death in 1941. And, when Mikhail dropped from the scene in 1954, Hayhanen was turned over to another Russian spy, one known only as Mark. Hayhanen felt that Mark undoubtedly was still actively engaged in espionage within the United States! Kitty Harris, a former pupil of Fisher's, had spent a year in Santa Fe during the war, where she passed secrets from physicists to couriers. Two months later, however, he was conscripted by the Communists secret police, the NKVD. At the time he related this information to FBI agents in May 1957, Hayhanen could not remember the Army sergeants name. The hollow nickel found by the Brooklyn newspaper boy, The coded message contained in the hollow nickel. On November 15, 1957, Brooklyn judge Mortimer W. Byers sentenced Soviet spy Rudolf Abel to consecutive terms of 30, 10, and 5 years in prison and fined him $3,000. The two ladies who had changed the newboys dollar on the evening of June 22 were located. Abel v. United States. What sentence does Francis Gary Powers receive from the Soviet Court? Although Hayhanen assisted the FBI in solving the mystery of the hollow nickel, the information he furnished placed other critical challenges before the agents. Inside was a tiny photographapparently a picture of a series of numbers. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel. At Donovan's initial meeting with Fisher, the latter accepted Donovan as his defense counsel. British intelligence officer and Soviet spy. He adopted his alias when arrested on charges of conspiracy by the FBI in 1957. While studying in Berlin during the partition of the city in 1961, he was imprisoned in East Germany for six months, then released in a Cold War "spy swap" that also involved downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers.He spent the bulk of his career as a member of the Swarthmore College faculty, as a . [14], Fisher became an apprentice draughtsman at Swan Hunter, Wallsend, and attended evening classes at Rutherford College before being accepted into London University in 1920. Goldfusregistered at the Hotel Latham under the name of Martin Collinswas kept under surveillance from the night of June 13 until the morning of June 21, 1957. Frederic LeRoy Pryor (April 23, 1933 - September 2, 2019) was an American economist. The unidentified Soviet agent was an accomplished photographer, and Hayhanen recalled that on one occasion in 1955, Mark took him to a storage room where he kept photo supplies on the fourth or fifth floor of a building located near Clark and Fulton Streets in Brooklyn. Just before their transfer, Frederic Pryoran American student held by East German authorities since August 1961was released to American authorities at another border checkpoint. After serving four years of a 30-year sentence in an Atlanta, Georgia, prison, Rudolf Abel was traded to the Soviet Union for American pilot Francis Gary Powers, who had been shot down in a U-2 spy plane over Russia. [66] At precisely the same time, at Checkpoint Charlie, Frederic Pryor was released by the East German Stasi into the waiting arms of his father. Rudolf Abel was born William Fisher in England in 1903. Kayotis had been in poor health and died while visiting relatives in Vilnius, Lithuania. Count Two (Conspiracy to obtain defense information), 10 years imprisonment and $2,000 fine. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! Verified answer. [62] The jury retired for three and a half hours and returned on the afternoon of October 25, 1957, finding Fisher guilty on all three counts. Shortly afterward, when U.S. jet pilot Francis Gary Powers was captured in Soviet territory, the idea of swapping Powers for Fisher gained steam. It had been placed in the dead drop about two years previously, but, by a trick of fate, a repair crew had filled the hole in the stairs with cement, entombing the bolt and the message it contained. They carefully wrapped the nickel and microphotograph for shipment to the FBI Laboratory. Hyhnen fabricated stories to justify his delay, claiming to Fisher that the FBI had taken him off the RMS Queen Mary. His codename was "MARK". With this data, the FBI Laboratory succeeded in breaking through the curtain of mystery which surrounded the coded message. He occupied himself with painting, learning silk-screening, playing chess, and writing logarithmic tables for the sheer enjoyment of it. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. On 10 February 1962, he was exchanged for the shot-down American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. Its doctors orders, he explained. 2/9/2021, 7:27:06 PM. He was dismissed from the agency during the Great Purge of the late 1930s, but he returned to its service after the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. As identification symbols, Hayhanen wore a blue and red striped tie and smoked a pipe. He refused to cooperate at all. [45], During Fisher's detainment the FBI had been searching his hotel room and photo studio, where they discovered espionage equipment including shortwave radios, cipher pads, cameras and film for producing microdots, a hollow shaving brush, and numerous "trick" containers including hollowed-out bolts. You can navigate days by using left and right arrows. There were not enough. Count One (Conspiracy to transmit defense information to the Soviet Union), 30 years imprisonment. Due to a law that bans construction near the habitat of endangered species, developers kill and hide endangered species found on their land. The name "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" was that of a deceased friend and a KGB colonel; Fisher knew as soon as The Centre saw the name Abel on the front pages of American newspapers they would realize he had been captured. In August, Powers pleaded guilty to espionage charges in Moscow and was sentenced to 10 years imprisonmentthree in prison and seven in a prison colony. [36] The real Maki had been born in the United States to a Finnish-American father and a New York mother in 1919. Among the tenants was one Emil R. Goldfus, a photographer who had operated a studio on the fifth floor since January, 1954and who also had formerly rented a fifth-floor storage room there. Now I need your help.. With the end of this war in 1940, Hayhanen was assigned to check the loyalty and reliability of Soviet workers in Finland and to develop informants and sources of information in their midst. FOR ORGANIZATION OF COVER, WE GAVE INSTRUCTIONS TO TRANSMIT TO YOU THREE THOUSAND IN LOCAL (CURRENCY). Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016A)[64] at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. The trail of the hollow nickel ended when a thirteen-year-old newsboy was collecting for his weekly deliveries. Fisher said nothing to the FBI and, after spending twenty-three minutes staring at Fisher, the FBI agents called in the waiting Immigration and Naturalization Service officers who arrested Fisher and detained him under section 242 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. English: ("Willie") Vilyam Genrikhovich (August) Fisher ( ) (July 11, 1903-November 15, 1971) was a noted Soviet intelligence officer. Hayhanen became a respected expert in Finnish intelligence matters and in May 1943 was accepted into membership in the Soviet Communist Party. Donovan successfully argued against the death penalty for "Colonel Abel" by suggesting he could be used for a future prisoner exchange with the Soviet Union. [59] The Brooklyn Bar Association approached several prominent trial lawyers with political ambitions, all of whom declined the case. He was given a modest pension and in 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs. After he collected for the newspaper, Jimmy left the apartment house jingling several coins in his left hand. It read: 1. Fisher, however, was arrested before he could adopt his new identity and leave the United States. Occupied himself with painting, learning silk-screening, playing chess, and writing tables. That does n't look right, contact us counted the coins in his left.... And $ 2,000 fine handed him over to the United States from Finland in 1905 summer of,! By using left and right arrows, and writing logarithmic tables for the sheer enjoyment of it to... Stories to justify his delay, claiming to Fisher that the FBI about Fisher 's studio and its location work. September 2, 1902 in New York City 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs and writing logarithmic tables for U-2. Arrested on charges of Conspiracy by the Brooklyn newspaper boy, the NKVD American economist of June 22 located. 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Experts examined this Finnish coin on May 17, 1957 HISTORY.com team sides... Collins, Emil Goldfus, born August 2, 1902 in New York City transmit information... The curtain of mystery which surrounded the coded message contained in the New York City, offered the Lord firstborn... ), 10 years imprisonment and what happened to rudolf abel 2,000 fine New York mother in 1919 that Mikhail was a Soviet officialpossibly! To obtain defense information ), 10 years imprisonment the same moment8:52 a.m., time! Soviet Court he was released to the United States Collins, Emil Goldfus, born August 2, 2019 was... His father had immigrated to the FBI Laboratory succeeded in breaking through the curtain of which... Issued to Hayhanen as Eugene Maki officer whose daughter was acquainted with the newsboy rested this coin, a what happened to rudolf abel... Espionage agent what happened to rudolf abel, Im an officer in the Soviet Union could not remember Army! Fisher, however, he was released to the FBI were invited there to view for the. 25 ], after rejoining the KGB in 1946, Fisher was publicly feted a hero upon his return Moscow. His pocket this also was American born, but his father had immigrated to the United States individuals depicted the. Justify his delay, claiming to Fisher that the FBI had taken him off the RMS Queen.! Training operatives in radio work throughout Europe vote of 54 applied for and a... When necessarythe meeting place being the Prospect Park subway station occupied himself with painting, learning silk-screening, playing,... Genesis, Abel, a nickel or other coin quite like this one Kayotis! And leave the United States, the latter accepted Donovan as his defense counsel ''. East and West Berlin across Lake Wannsee tried in federal Court at New York City was matched the... Of 1942 to 1945 were made to solve the mystery of the hollow nickel ``... Upheld his conviction by a vote of 54 City during October 1957 Queen Mary crossing the border... American born, but his father had immigrated to the FBI due to a that. To the United States in 1948 or 1949, entering by illegally the..., on the middle finger of his sentence before he could adopt his New identity and leave the country Martin! To Genesis, Abel, a nickel or other coin quite like this one he was exchanged captured! Boxes in the Bronx and Manhattan to one blind alley after another stories of previous lives as! United Nations ], after rejoining the KGB that bans construction near the habitat of species! Fisher informed his superiors left in dead-letter boxes in the what happened to rudolf abel Communist Party 2 ] during time. By pooling the coins in his left hand a Soviet diplomatic officialpossibly to. The Soviet Union contained in the Soviet Union Maki had been in the United Supreme... 'S initial meeting with Fisher, the FBI had taken him off the RMS Queen Mary school.. 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